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Antonin Artaud
:''For the Pescado Rabioso 1973 album, see Artaud (album)''
Antoine Marie Joseph Artaud, better known as Antonin Artaud(; 4 September 1896 – 4 March 1948), was a French dramatist, poet, essayist, actor, and theatre director,〔(Poetry Foundation - Antonin Artaud )〕 widely recognized as one of the major figures of twentieth-century theatre and the European avant-garde.〔〔(Britannica - Antonin Artaud )〕〔https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m2969&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF〕
== Early life==
Antoine Artaud was born 4 September 1896 in Marseille, France, to Euphrasie Nalpas and Antoine-Roi Artaud.〔 Both his parents were natives of Smyrna (modern-day İzmir), and he was greatly affected by his Greek ancestry.〔John Wakeman, World Authors, 1950-1970: A Companion Volume to Twentieth Century Authors〕 His mother gave birth to nine children, but only Antonin and two siblings survived infancy. When he was four years old, Artaud had a severe case of meningitis, which gave him a nervous, irritable temperament throughout his adolescence. He also suffered from neuralgia, stammering, and severe bouts of clinical depression.
Artaud's parents arranged a long series of sanatorium stays for their temperamental son, which were both prolonged and expensive. This lasted five years, with a break of two months in June and July 1916, when Artaud was conscripted into the French Army. He was allegedly discharged due to his self-induced habit of sleepwalking. During Artaud's "rest cures" at the sanatorium, he read Arthur Rimbaud, Charles Baudelaire, and Edgar Allan Poe. In May 1919, the director of the sanatorium prescribed laudanum for Artaud, precipitating a lifelong addiction to that and other opiates.
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